Effects of HMB supplementation on body composition of rats / Efectos de la suplementación con HMB sobre la composición corporal en ratas

The aim was to investigate the effects of HMB supplementation on the physical performance and anthropometric parameters of Wistar rats that underwent eight weeks of concurrent training. We used 22 male Wistar rats of approximately 60 days of age, And were divided into four groups: control (C), supplemented control (SC), exercise (E) and supplemented exercise (SE). The training consisted of 30 minutes of swimming with an overload corresponding to 70 % of the anaerobic threshold, a one-minute interval, and four sets of ten jumps in water with a one minute interval between sets and a load of 50 % of body weight. After the tests, the tLIM and tTESTE were obtained and used to evaluate the performance of the animals, and anthropometric indices evaluated. The weight increases during the treatment in the SC animals was significantly higher than the animals in groups C and E. The absolute weight of the muscles, kidney and epididymal fat showed higher values for the SC and SE groups in relation to the others.

Se investigaron los efectos de la suplementación con HMB en el rendimiento físico y los parámetros antropométricos de ratas Wistar sometidas a ocho semanas de entrenamiento concurrente. La muestra consistió en 22 ratas Wistar machos, aproximadamente de 60 días de edad, los que fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: control (C), control suplementado (CS), ejercicio (E) y ejercicio suplementado (ES). El entrenamiento consistió en 30 minutos de natación correspondiente a 70 % de la sobrecarga del umbral anaeróbico, un intervalo de un minuto y cuatro series de diez saltos en el agua con intervalo de un minuto entre series y una carga del 50 % del peso del cuerpo. El tLIM y tTESTE se utilizaron para evaluar el rendimiento de los animales, y los índices antropométricos. El aumento de peso durante el tratamiento CS fue significativamente más alto que las de los grupos C y E. El peso absoluto de los músculos, los riñones y la grasa del epidídimo mostraron valores más altos en los grupos CS y ES en relación con los demás.

The effect of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the morphology of skeletal muscle after concurrent training

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in association with concurrent training on morphological soleus muscle of rats. Wistar male rats were divided randomly into four groups: Control (C), Supplemented (S), Training (T) and Training + Supplemented (TS). Groups S and TS received 76mg/kg/day of HMB and the training groups (T and TS) were inserted into concurrent training program 3 times/week for 8 weeks. HMB had positive effects either on body composition of the animals or in type II muscle fibers. The concurrent exercise training was able in reducing the total fat mass as well as in increasing the diameter of muscle fibers. Our findings shows that HMB had an anti-catabolic effect with reference to the parameters of volume, weight and morphology of the soleus muscle, and there was a positive interaction between HMB supplementation and concurrent exercise training

Distúrbios do sono em adultos de uma cidade do Estado de São Paulo / Sleep disturbances in adults in a city of Sao Paulo state

OBJETIVO: Analisar a ocorrência de distúrbios relacionados ao sono entre adultos de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, bem como identificar suas associações com variáveis comportamentais, sociodemográficas e de estado nutricional. MÉTODOS: Após a seleção aleatória da amostra, foram realizadas entrevistas face a face com 743 adultos de ambos os sexos, residentes na cidade de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo. Foram aplicados questionários para análise de distúrbios relacionados ao sono, variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, etnia, escolaridade), comportamentais (atividade física no lazer, etilismo e tabagismo) e de estado nutricional. RESULTADOS: Foram observados distúrbios relacionados ao sono em 46,7% da amostra, com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) 43,1 - 50,2. Após a análise multivariada, foi observado que o sexo feminino, com odds ratio (OR) = 1,74 (IC95% 1,26 - 2,40), escolaridade (OR = 0,49; IC95% 0,28 - 0,82), sobrepeso (OR = 1,99; IC95% 1,39 - 2,85) e obesidade (OR = 2,90; IC95% 1,94 - 4,35) foram associados à ocorrência de distúrbios relacionados ao sono. CONCLUSÃO: É elevada a ocorrência de distúrbios de sono na amostra analisada, os quais foram mais frequentes em mulheres, pessoas de menor escolaridade e com sobrepeso e obesidade. .

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occurrence of sleep-related disorders among adults from Presidente Prudente, Brazil, as well as to identify associations with behavioral, socio-demographic and nutritional status variables. METHODS: After random selection of the sample, interviews were performed with 743 adults of both genders, living in Presidente Prudente, Brazil. Sleep-related disorders, demographic variables (sex, age, ethnicity and schooling), behavioral variables (leisure physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking) and nutritional status were analyzed by questionnaires. RESULTS: The prevalence of sleep-related disorders was 46.7%, with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 43.1 - 50.2. In the multivariate analysis, female sex, with odds ratio (OR) 1.74 (95%CI 1.26 - 2.40), schooling (OR = 0.49; 95%CI 0.28 - 0.82), overweight (OR = 1.99; 95%CI 1.39 - 2.85) and obesity (OR = 2.90; 95%CI 1.94 - 4.35) were associated with sleep-related disorders. CONCLUSION: There is high occurrence of sleep-related disorders in this sample, which was associated with female sex, lower schooling, overweight and obesity. .

Análise morfológica do músculo gastrocnêmio medial de ratos submetidos a um protocolo de treinamento concorrente / Morphological analysis of muscle of rats submitted to a protocol of concurrent training / Análisis morfológica del músculo de ratones sometidos a un protocolo de entrenamiento concurrente

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as alterações morfológicas do músculo gastrocnêmio medial (GM) de ratos Wistar submetidos a oito semanas de treinamento concorrente (TC). Foram utilizados quinze ratos Wistar machos, separados em três grupos com cinco animais: linha de base (LB), controle (C) e treinados (T). O TC consistiu na realização de um treinamento de resistência aeróbia em natação (TRA) e um treinamento de força (TF) na mesma sessão, três vezes por semana, durante oito semanas. Foi observado um aumento de 4,4 % na comparação entre as médias da área da secção transversa do GM dos animais dos grupos T (4905,5 ± 77,1µm²) e C (4699,9 ± 78,3µm²). Conclui-se que o treinamento concorrente foi eficaz em promover hipertrofia no GM de ratos Wistar.

The aim of this study was to analyze the morphophysiological changes of medial gastrocnemius muscle (GM) of Wistar rats underwent to eight weeks of concurrent training (TC). We used fifteen male Wistar rats divided into three groups with five animals each: baseline (LB), control (C) and trained (T). The TC consisted of aerobic endurance training in swimming (TRA) and a forced training (TF) in the same session, three times per week, for eight weeks. There was an increase of 4.4% in the comparison between average cross section area of the GM in animals of groups T (4905,5 ± 77,1µm²) and C (4699,9 ± 78,3 µm²). It is concluded that concurrent training was effective in causing hypertrophy in GM of rats.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analisar los cambios morfofisiológicos del músculo gaastrocnemio medial (GM) de ratones Wistar sometidos a ocho semanas de entrenamiento concurrente (TC). Se utilizó quince ratones Wistar divididos en tres grupos com cinco animales: línea de base (LB), control (C) y entrenado (T). El TC consistió en un entrenamiento de resistencia aerobia en natación (TRA) y en un entrenamiento de fuerza (TF) en la misma sesión, tres veces por semana, durante ocho semanas. Hubo um aumento de 4,4% en la comparación promedio entre el area de la sección transversal de los grupos de animales T (4905,5 ± 77,1 µm²) y C (4699,9 ± 78,3 µm²). Se concluye que el entrenamiento concurrente fue eficaz en la causa de la hipertrofia en el GM de ratones Wistar.

Análise da plasticidade muscular de ratos submetidos a um protocolo de treinamento físico concorrente / Plasticity analysis muscle in rats submitted to one concurrent physical training protocol

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as adaptações morfofisiológicas das fibras do músculo sóleo de ratos machos submetidos a oito semanas de treinamento concorrente. Foram utilizados 15 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em três grupos, com cinco animais cada: linha de base (LB), controle (C) e treinado (T). O protocolo de treinamento foi realizado três vezes por semana, durante oito semanas e consistia em 30 minutos de natação (treinamento de resistência aeróbia) seguidos, após um minuto de intervalo passivo, de quatro séries de 10 saltos aquáticos (treinamento de força), com um minuto de intervalo passivo entre as séries. Pré treinamento, os animais foram submetidos a um teste de lactato mínimo (LM) para a determinação da sobrecarga correspondente ao treinamento de resistência aeróbia (TRA). Além disso, a sobrecarga utilizada no treinamento de força (TF) foi correspondente a 50% da massa corporal total (MCT) de cada animal. Para observação das alterações morfofisiológicas das fibras musculares, utilizou-se o método de marcação interativa por meio do programa AxioVision 4.8. Para testar a normalidade dos dados, foi utilizado o tesde de Shapiro-Wilk, sendo a normalidade não comprovada, optou-se pela utilização do teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido do pós-teste de Dunn (STATISTICA 7®). Após as análises, observou-se que as fibras musculares dos animais do grupo T apresentaram maior mediana (6483,4 µm2) quando comparadas com as fibras dos grupos LB (2690,3 µm2) e C (5911,6 µm2). Assim sendo, pode-se concluir que oito semanas de treinamento concorrente causam hipertrofia nas fibras do músculo sóleo de ratos Wistar.

The aim of this study was to analyze morphological and physiological adaptations of the soleus muscle fibers of rats underwent eight weeks of concurrent training. A total of 15 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups with five animals each: baseline (BL), control (C) and trained (T). Thetraining protocol was performed three times per week for eight weeks and consisted of 30 minutes of swimming (aerobic endurance training) followed, after a minute of passive interval, four sets of 10 jumps water (strength training), with passive one-minute intervals between sets. Pre training, the animals were subjected to a test lactate minimum (LM) to determine the overhead corresponding to aerobic endurance training (TRA). Furthermore, the overhead used for strength training (TF) is equal to 50% of the totalbody mass (TBM) for each animal. For observation of the morphological and physiological changes of muscle fibers, we used the method of marking using the interactive program AxioVision 4.8. To test the normality of the data was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk tesde being normalcy unproven, we chose to use the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post-test (STATISTICA 7 ®). After analysis, it was observed that muscle fibers of group T showed higher median (6483.4 µm2) compared with the fibers of the groups LB (2690.3 µm2) and C (5911.6 µm2). Thus, it can be concluded that eight week of concurrent training cause hypertrophy in the fibers of the soleus muscle of male Wistar rats.